Backgammon rules
Backgammon is one of the world's oldest and most popular board games, combining luck and strategy in an exciting battle between two players. Easy to learn but hard to master, the game is perfect for both cosy evenings with the family and intense tournaments. With our guide to Backgammon rules, you can quickly get started and get to grips with the most important rules, so you can focus on having fun and challenging your friends. We've gathered all the most requested rules, best practices, great tips and a special advice to get you ready to play in no time. Remember that references can be found at the bottom of the page.
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Backgammon rules - Everything you need to know to play and win
Backgammon is an exciting board game for two players where the aim is to move all your pieces around the board and get them "home" before your opponent. Combining luck with dice rolling and strategy, it's a great game for beginners and experienced players alike. It's a game where you need to think tactically, plan your moves and at the same time be prepared to adapt to the whims of luck.
Basic rules of Backgammon
The line-up of the game
Backgammon is played on a board with 24 narrow triangles called points, divided into four quadrants - two for each player. These points are numbered from 1 to 24, and the checkers are moved in opposite directions for each player. Each player starts with 15 pieces, which are placed in a fixed starting position:
- 2 pieces on the opponent's 24th point
- 5 pieces on own 13th point
- 3 pieces on the opponent's 8th point
- 5 pieces on own 6th point
- This line-up ensures a balanced start where both players have the opportunity to both attack and defend.
The aim of the game
The aim is to move all your pieces around the board and into your 'home space' (the last six points on your side of the board). Once all your pieces are in your home square, you can start to remove them from the board - this is called 'bear off'. The first player to remove all their pieces wins the game.
Dice throwing and movement
How do the dice work?
Backgammon is played with two six-sided dice. Each player rolls both dice and can move their pieces according to the eyes on the dice. For example, if you roll a 3 and a 5, you can move one piece 3 points and another piece 5 points, or move one piece a total of 8 points if it can be split into two moves.
Double cabinet
If both dice show the same number (e.g. two 4s), you get to move double the number of moves - so four moves of 4 points each. This can be a big advantage, so it's important to use it wisely.
The most requested rules explained
How do you move pieces?
You may only move your pieces to points that are not occupied by two or more opponent pieces. If a point has only one opponent piece, you can "knock it out" and send it to the "bar" in the centre of the board.
What happens if you land on a lone opponent piece?
When you land on a point with only one opponent's piece, it is knocked out and placed on the bar. The opponent must first bring their piece back into play by moving it to a vacant point on your home board before they can continue moving other pieces.
How to get back from the bar?
A piece on the bar must be moved into the opponent's home square at a point corresponding to one of the dice boxes. If it is not possible to move the piece in, the player loses his turn.
Best practices and good advice for Backgammon
- Start carefully: Avoid knocking out your own pieces early in the game as this can leave you behind.
- Control the home pitch: Try to build "blockades" by occupying several points in a row so that the opponent cannot enter.
- Make the most of the dice's potential: plan your moves to make the best use of both dice boxes.
- Only knock out opponent pieces when it gives an advantage: Knocking out a piece can be a great advantage, but it can also give the opponent time to come back.
- Keep an eye on your opponent's pieces: Pay attention to where your opponent can knock out your pieces and avoid leaving your pieces vulnerable.
Special tip - Use the double dice strategically
Backgammon has a special dice called the "double dice" that can double the stakes in the game. Use it wisely! If you feel confident of winning, you can offer to double, but be careful not to do it too early and risk losing many points. It is also a good way to pressurise the opponent and make the game more exciting.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Can you move two pieces to the same point?
Yes, but only if it doesn't block yourself or give the opponent the opportunity to knock out your pieces.
What if I can't move any pieces?
If you cannot make a valid move with the eyes of the dice, you lose your turn.
Can the rules be changed?
Yes, there are many variations of Backgammon, but it is recommended to start with the standard rules to understand the game best.
Strategy and tactical considerations
Backgammon is not just about luck - it also requires strategy. Here are some tactical tips:
Spread out your pieces: Avoid concentrating all your pieces in a few points as this makes you vulnerable.
Build a "prime": A series of contiguous occupied points that the opponent cannot pass is called a prime and can be decisive.
Be aggressive when it is advantageous: knocking out the opponent's pieces can significantly delay them.
Be patient: Sometimes it's better to wait for a good shot than to take a risky gamble.
Game Rating - Game Rule gives Backgammon 4.5 out of 5 stars
| Category | Rating (0-5) |
|---|---|
| Entertainment | 5 |
| Laughter | 4 |
| Difficulty level | 3 |
| Easy to get started | 5 |
| Easy to learn | 4 |
Backgammon is an entertaining and sociable game that combines luck and strategy in a way that both children and adults can enjoy. It is easy to learn but offers rich tactical depth, making it a game to return to time and time again.
Source references
World Backgammon Association - Official Rules
Wikipedia - Backgammon Rules
With this guide, you'll get a quick and useful overview of Backgammon rules so you can start playing and having fun right away!
Let's test your maths knowledge
Backgammon rules - Fun facts and a deep dive into the fascinating history of the game
Backgammon is not only one of the oldest board games in the world, but also a game filled with exciting history, cultural connections and interesting anecdotes. In this article, you'll get a detailed look at the game's origins, development, and some fun facts to help you impress your opponents at the next table. Picking up where we left off with rules and strategy, we now take a step back to understand the rich history of Backgammon and its place in the gaming world.
The origins of backgammon - from ancient civilisations to today's game
Backgammon has its roots in ancient times and is one of the oldest board games still played today. The oldest game boards similar to Backgammon have been found in Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq, and date back to around 3000 BC. These early versions of the game were used both as a pastime and as a form of divination or ritual.
Fact check:
- The oldest Backgammon-like boards are over 5000 years old.
- Games with dice and movable pieces were played in many ancient cultures, including Egypt, Greece and the Roman Empire.
- The ancient game of 'Senet' in Egypt and 'Tabula' in Rome are considered predecessors of Backgammon.
The spread and name of the game throughout history
Over the millennia, the game has spread across the world, taking on different names and variations. In Persia it was called 'Nard', in the Roman Empire 'Tabula' and in Turkey and Greece 'Tavla'. The name 'Backgammon' comes from the Middle English words 'back' and 'gamen', which can be translated as 'game of backing', referring to the mechanics of the game where pieces sometimes have to be moved backwards.
Fact check:
- The name 'Backgammon' was first used in England in the 17th century.
- The game spread via trade routes, wars and migration to Europe, Asia and North Africa.
- Different cultures have developed their own rules and variants, making Backgammon a global game with many faces.
Backgammon in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
During the Middle Ages, Backgammon became popular in Europe, especially in England and France. It was a game played by royalty and commoners alike. In the Renaissance, the game became a common feature of parlours and mansions, where it was often used as a social activity and pastime.
Fact check:
King Henry VIII of England was known to be a keen Backgammon player.
The game appears in several literary works from the period, showing its cultural importance.
During this time, the rules started to be standardised, but regional differences still existed.
Modernisation and standardisation of rules
In the 20th century, Backgammon rules started to be standardised internationally, largely thanks to its popularity in the United States and Europe. The doubling cube, which can double the stakes of the game, was introduced and became a central part of the game. This made Backgammon more exciting and strategic, especially in a competitive context.
Fact check:
- The double dice were introduced in the 1920s and revolutionised the game.
- The International Backgammon Federation was created to regulate and promote the game.
- World Backgammon Championships have been held since the mid-20th century.
Backgammon in popular culture
Backgammon has appeared in many films, books and TV series, often as a symbol of strategy, luck and intellectual struggle. It has also been used in psychological experiments and as a metaphor for life's uncertainties and choices.
Fact check:
Backgammon is played in films such as 'The Hustler' and 'Rain Man'.
The game has been used in scientific studies on decision-making and probability.
Famous personalities such as Winston Churchill and Prince Charles have been enthusiastic Backgammon players.
Fun facts about Backgammon
Backgammon and luck: Despite the game's strong element of luck, it is the skill of managing risks and planning moves that determines who wins in the long run.
The doubling cube: This unique cube can quickly change the dynamics of the game and has contributed to the popularity of Backgammon as a competitive game.
Backgammon in space: the game has been sent by spacecraft as a symbol of human culture and entertainment.
World Championships: Professional backgammon competitions attract players from all over the world and offer large prize money.
Backgammon today - A global phenomenon
Today, Backgammon is played all over the world, both as a social game and in professional settings. Online platforms have allowed players to meet regardless of their geographical location, and the game continues to evolve with new variants and tournaments.
Fact check:
Online Backgammon has millions of players globally.
There are official rules used in international competitions.
Backgammon is part of the gaming traditions and social life of many cultures.
Backgammon is more than just a game - it is a living part of human history and culture. With its ancient roots, global spread and rich traditions, Backgammon continues to fascinate and entertain players of all ages. To play Backgammon is to participate in a tradition that stretches back over five thousand years and to enjoy a perfect blend of luck, strategy and socialising.
Source references
World Backgammon Association - History
Backgammon on Wikipedia
The British Museum - Ancient Board Games
Backgammon Museum
Encyclopedia Britannica - Backgammon
With this in-depth history and fun facts, we hope you'll feel even more motivated to play Backgammon and enjoy its rich cultural heritage.
Want more articles with tips, strategies and rules? Visit spelregel.se for more inspiration and guides!
FAQ on Backgammon rules - 10 questions and detailed answers
How do you start a game of Backgammon?
The game starts with both players rolling one die each. The player with the highest number gets to start and uses the values of both dice for their first move. After that, each player rolls two dice on each turn and moves their pieces according to the eyes of the dice. It is important to understand that the values of the dice are not added together but used separately to move one or two pieces
How to move pieces in Backgammon?
You move your pieces forward towards your home board according to the values of the dice. You can move a piece the total number of steps by splitting the move into two parts, or move two different pieces according to each die roll. It is not allowed to move a piece to a square that is occupied by two or more opponent pieces. If the square has a single opponent piece, you can knock it out and send it to the bar in the centre of the board
What happens if I hit a double?
What is the bar and how does it work?
The bar is the raised area in the centre of the board where captured pieces are placed. A piece on the bar must be re-entered into your opponent's home board before you can make any other moves. To capture a piece from the bar, you must roll a die that corresponds to a free space on your opponent's home board. If there is no free space for the return of that piece, you may skip your turn
How to win at Backgammon?
The goal is to move all your pieces into your home square and then remove them from the board, a process called "bear off". The first player to remove all their pieces wins the round. Scoring can vary, but usually you get 1 point for a straight win, 2 points (gammon) if your opponent has not removed any pieces, and 3 points (backgammon) if your opponent has pieces left on the bar or in your home board
What is a 'prime' and why is it important?
A "prime" is a series of six contiguous points that you own, effectively blocking your opponent's pieces from passing. Building a prime is a powerful strategy as it can stop the opponent from moving their pieces forward and give you a big advantage in the game
How does the duplication cube work?
The doubling cube is a special dice with the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64, used to double the bet in the game. At any time during the game, a player can offer to double the bet. The opponent must then accept or give up the game. The doubling cube adds to the excitement and strategy as it affects the amount of points at stake
Can you change the rules of Backgammon?
Yes, there are many variations of Backgammon with different rules, but it is recommended to start with the standardised rules to learn the game properly. Different variants may include different scoring, doubling rules and special rules for certain moves. The important thing is that both players agree before the game starts
What happens if I cannot make a valid move?
If you cannot use any of the dice boxes to make a valid move, you lose your turn. It is important to always try to use as many moves as possible, especially for double rolls. Refraining from making a valid move is not allowed
How do you count points in Backgammon?
The scoring depends on how the game ended. A regular win is worth 1 point. If the opponent has not removed any pieces at all, it is called a 'gammon' and scores 2 points. If the opponent has pieces left on the bar or in your home board at the time of the loss, it is called "backgammon" and scores 3 points. These points are multiplied by the value of the doubling cube if it is in play
How can I quickly get started and learn Backgammon?
The best way to get started quickly is to start playing with someone who knows the rules, use online platforms with tutorials or follow a simple guide that explains the basic rules step by step. Understanding the dice box, how to move pieces and what the bar means is key. Practice makes perfect, and over time you will learn strategies that make the game even more fun
